11/16/2022 0 Comments Bulow damaged vol 1 zip![]() ![]() ![]() In Denmark, mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency led to the implementation of mandatory iodine fortification of household salt and salt included as an ingredient in bread and bakery products in 2000. Iodine deficiency has been deemed the world’s greatest single cause of preventable brain damage and fortification of salt and foods with iodine has been identified as an effective means to eradicate iodine deficiency and iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Iodine is essential for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which are involved in the regulation of numerous metabolic processes including normal brain development. Iodine deficiency (ID) and the associated adverse health effects is one of the most common nutritional disorders worldwide. Future research should aim to enable the inclusion of all relevant health effects as well as children in the assessment. We argue that nation-specific, quantitative assessments of the public health impact of fortification programs provide transparent, evidence-based decision support. Because of this, as well as uncertainties inherent in the model and data used, results should be interpreted with caution. Neither were children as a population group. Due to lack of data, hypo- and hyperthyroidism related to iodine status were not included. The gain in healthy life years comes at the expense of extra cases of goiter due to iodine excess. Prevention of low IQ in children due to maternal iodine deficiency was the primary contributor to overall health gain. We estimated an overall beneficial health impact and prevention of 34.9 (95% UI: −51.6 −21.7) DALY per 100,000 adults in the population annually with the increase in fortification level. ![]() We applied a risk–benefit assessment approach in which population-level iodine intakes before and after the increase in fortification were integrated with epidemiological evidence of the association between iodine nutrition status and risk of relevant diseases to estimate the number of cases caused or prevented and estimated health impact in terms of disability-adjusted life years (DALY). In this study, we quantified the risk–benefit balance in the Danish adult population by increasing the mandatory fortification level. However, the optimal iodine intake is a narrow interval, and the risk of disease increases with intakes both below and above this interval. ![]() In Denmark, the mandatory iodine fortification of salt of 13 ppm was introduced in 2000 to eradicate mild to moderate iodine deficiency and the fortification level was increased to 20 ppm in 2019. Iodine deficiency is one of the most common nutritional disorders worldwide. ![]()
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